  PATH HOWTO
  Esa Turtiainen etu@dna.fi
  v0.4, 15 November 1997
  ɍ  N, isaji@mxu.meshnet.or.jp
  Sun Mar  1  2:54:45 1998

  ̃hLgUnix/LinuxϐAPATHϐ̎dg݂_
  Ă܂B
  ______________________________________________________________________

  ڎ

  1. Cg_NV
  2. 쌠
  3. ʓIȂ
  4. Init
  5. Login
  6. VF
     6.1 bash
     6.2 tcsh

  7. [U[ID̕ύX
     7.1 su
     7.2 sudo

  8. lbg[NT[o
     8.1 inetd
     8.2 rsh
     8.3 rlogin
     8.4 telnet
     8.5 ssh

  9. XFree86
     9.1 XDM
     9.2 xterm -ls
     9.3 EBhE}l[Wj[ƃ{^

  10. cronAatR}hɂ
     10.1 cron
     10.2 at

  11. ̗
     11.1 magicfilter
     11.2 XAvP[V̈

  12. ZLeB̍l@
  13. ̃fobO̎d́H
  14. S[U[pX𓾂邽߂̕@
  15. ӎ

  ______________________________________________________________________

  1.  Cg_NV

  ̃hLgUnix/LinuxϐAPATHϐ̎dg݂_
  Ă܂BPATH̓R}hTfBNg̃XgłB Debian
  Linux 1.3zzpbP[WΏۂƂĂ܂B

  ӁĨhLg̓[XłBRgȂǂ܂
  AĉB

  2.  쌠

  This documentation is free documentation; you can redistribute it
  and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
  published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
  License, or (at your option) any later version.

  This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
  General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
  along with this documentation; if not, write to the Free Software
  Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

  ̃hLg̓t[łBFree Software Foundationɂ GNU
  General Public License(o[W2ȍ~)̏̌ŏCAĔzt
  邱Ƃł܂B

  ̃hLg̓[U[̖ɗƂĔztĂ܂
  ؂łB̖ړIɊւ鏤ƓI邢͓K̕ۏ؂܂Bڂ
  GNU General Public LicenseQƂĉB

  ̃hLg]ĂGNU General Public LicensẽRs[ɂ
  ĂĉBȂ

  Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

  ɘAĉB

  3.  ʓIȂ

  SĂUnixvZX"(environment)"܂ł܂B͖Oƒl
  琬ϐ̃XgŁA̕ɑ̃LN^邱Ƃ
  ł܂BSĂUnixvZX͐evZXĂ܂ -- evZX
  vZX͎qvZXłBqvZX͐evZXp
  ܂BqvZXɏԂɊnOɁÅɏC邱Ƃ
  ܂B

  dvȊϐ̂ЂƂPATHłB̓R(:)ɂĕꂽ
  fBNg̃XgłB̃fBNgfindR}hŌ
  ̂ł܂BႦ΃R}hfoos悤ƂƁAPATH ɂ
  fBNgSĂst@CfoǒΏۂƂ܂t@C
  ƂŎs܂B

  HOWTOł́uR}hvsvOŵƂĎg܂Bp
  X@\gĒZO(short names)ŌĂяo邱ƂӖĂ
  B

  Linuxł́AvZX(Ăяoexec֘A)Jn邽߂̒ᐅȃIy
  [eBOVXeR[łPATHϐɂfBNg
  BR}hs悤Ƃ鎞͂łpX@\gƂł
  BexecIy[eBOVXeR[/(XbV)܂܂Ȃ
  t@C𓾂悤Ƃ邳ɂPATHϐ]܂BPATH
  ȂłAȂƂ/bin/usr/bin fBNgŃR}hT
  ܂B

  shłexportR}h̐ݒɎg܂B܂cshłsetenvg
  ܂BႦ΁F

  sh:

  PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/games:.

  csh:

       setenv PATH /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/games:.

  CvOsetenv()CuR[̕ύXɎg܂BPerl͔z
   %ENVɊĂāAPATH $ENV{PATH}="/bin"ƂăZbgł
  B

  envR}h݂͌̊ϐ𒲂ׂ{Iȕ@łBlɊϐ
  CɂgƂł܂B

  {IȊJjY̏ɂẮA many[Wenviron, execl,
  setenvAinfot@Cenv ăVF̃hLgɏĂ܂B

  LinuxNƁA͂߂ɊJnʏvZXinitvZXłB
  ͐evZXĂȂ_œȃvZXłƂƂł
  BinitvZX͑̑SẴvZX̐c(ancestorF)
  B init́AIinitɐGȂĂASvZX̊ƂĎc
  ܂BقƂǂ̃vZX̓^b`܂B

  init̓vZX̃O[vJn܂B/etc/inittabt@C͂ǂ̃vZ
  XVXeX^[g邩w肵܂B̃vZX init璼
  pœ삵܂ -- T^IɂgettyƂvZXł(R
  \[login:\vO)BPPPڑJnƂ
  ́Ainitœ삵Ă邱ƂYĂ͂Ȃ܂BVXe͂
  ŊJnXNvgłBDebian 1.3̏XNvg
  /etc/init.d/rcŁAԂɏXNvgĂяo܂B

  VXe͑̃T[o(f[)𑖂点Ă܂B̓ftHg
  Ŏĝ΂łȂ̂܂BقƂǂ̃T[o͏
  XNvg炱JnÂinitłƍl邱Ƃ
  ܂B

  [U[VXeɃOCƁA̓vO/VXeL͂̏
  XNvg/[U[XNvgɑgݍ܂ݒɂĔf
  ܂B͂悢gݍ܂ꂩł݂̏ԂSɖ̂
  ̂ł͂܂B[U[eLXgR\[烍OC鎞
  XDMAlbg[N烍OC鎞Ƃł͂܂Ⴄ̂ƂȂ
  B

  4.  Init

  Init͑̃VXevZXSĂ̐evZXłB̃vZX initv
  ZX̊pāApXinitpXł(HȃP[Xł͂̑̃pX
  ZbgĂȂ)B

  uinit pathvinitvÕ\[XɗpӂĂ܂F

       /usr/local/sbin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

  initpXɂ/usr/local/bin͊܂܂ĂȂƂɒڂĉB

  /etc/inittabJnvO͑SinitA
  /etc/init.d(Debian 1.3)̃VXeXNvgœ삵܂B

  VXeXNvgJn̂͑SăftHgƂ
  initĂ܂BႦsyslogd, kerneld, pppd(startupn܂
  )A gpmAďdvlpdAinetdinitĂāÅ
  ύX邱Ƃ͂܂B

  vÕO[vstartupXNvgJnPATHϐ
  startupXNvgɖIɃZbgĂ܂BFatd, sendmail,
  apacheAsquidB

  u[gXNvgJn邯ǃpXSɕύX鑼̃vO
  ܂B̂悤ȗcronłB

  5.  Login

  eLXgR\[ɂ̓[U[OC҂gettyvO
  B "login:"ƃbZ[W\܂Binitœ삵Agetty[U
  [VXeɃOCuloginvvOs܂B
  loginvO̓[U[ZbgVFs܂B

  OCvO/usr/include/paths.hɃpX`Ă܂B
  uOCpXvroot[U[Ƒ̃[U[ł͈Ⴂ܂B

  ʃ[U[p(_PATH_DEFPATH)F

       /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:.

  rootp(_PATH_DEFPATH_ROOT)F

       /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

  ʃ[U[̃pXsbinfBNg܂ł܂BJg
  fBNg(.)܂ł܂BJgfBNgroot[U[ł
  댯łBroot[U[ɂĂ/usr/local/binɂpXʂĂ܂
  B

  OCpX̓VFɂď㏑邱Ƃ܂B
  [U[VFƂ/etc/passwdɑ̃vOw肷邱Ƃ\
  BႦΓꃆ[U[ŃOCPPPJnȉ̂悤ȍs
  gĂ܂B̃P[XłpppdOCpXƂĐĂ
  B

       etu-ppp:viYabVlxPwzDl:1000:1000:Esa Turtiainen, PPP:/:/usr/sbin/pppd

  6.  VF

  [U[vZX/etc/passwdŏĂVF̎qvZXłB
  VF̏t@C̓pXC邱Ƃ܂B

  OCł̓VF̖O-Ou܂BႦbash-basĥ悤ɂ
  ČĂ΂܂B̓VF(܂loginVF)ɃVOi𑗂܂B
  ̏ꍇAVFlogint@Cs܂BłȂ΂
  s܂B

  ăVF͂ꂪC^NeBuǂ`FbN܂ - t@C
  C^NeButtỹR}hłB̓VF̏C
  āǍʃC^NeBuł͂Ȃ(non-interactive)non-loginVF
  ܂Bbash͂ł͂Ȃ̏t@Cs܂B

  6.1.  bash

  ʏloginVFƂāAbash̓VXeL(system-wide)̃t@C
  /etc/profileg(sources)܂B̃t@C̓VXeƃpX
  bash[U[pɃZbg܂BVXenon-interactiveƂ
  {ꂽ͎͂s܂BƂdvȃP[X́Ãׂ}V
  Ŏs郊[gR}hrshōsꂽꍇłB/etc/profile
  sꂸpXrshf[pĂ܂B

  bash̓R}hC-login-i󂯎܂B̈͂ꂼ
  loginVF̓C^NeBu(interactive)VFƂăVF
  ZbĝɎg܂B

  [U[~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_loginA~/.profile t@C邱
  Ƃ/etc/profileŃZbgĂl㏑邱Ƃł܂(܂
  [U[̐ݒ)B̃t@ĈЂƂ(~/.bash_profile)csh
  ̃WbNƈႤƂɒӂĉB~/.bash_login loginVF
  ւĂ͓ɉsA܂.bash_profileƂ͑Ss
  I

  bash"bash"ƂȎshƂOƂĎgpĂƁA
  IWiBourne shellG~[g܂F̍ۂ̃t@C
  /etc/profileA~/.profileloginVFp̂̂łB

  6.2.  tcsh

  loginVFƂtcsh͈ȉ̃t@C̏Ɏs܂F

  o  /etc/csh.cshrc

  o  /etc/csh.login

  o  ~/.tcshrc

  o  ~/.cshrc(.tcshrcȂ)

  o  ~/.history

  o  ~/.login

  o  ~/.cshdirs

  tcshcshrcXNvg̑OloginXNvgs悤ɑgݍ߂邱
  ƂɂӂĉI

  C^NeBułȂVF*cshrcXNvgs܂B*login X
  Nvgloginň񂾂pXZbĝɎg܂B
  7.  [U[ID̕ύX

  7.1.  su

  suR}h͐V[U[IDg߂̂̂łB[U[IDw肵
   rootg܂B

  ʁAsu͈Ⴄ[U[IDŃTuVFs܂B-(ŋ߂̃Vmj
  -l邢--login)ŁAOCVF̂悤ɃVFs܂B
  OCvOg܂

  ʏ̃[U[F

       /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:.

  root[U[F

       /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin

  suׂ͑̍ύX܂B

  7.2.  sudo

  X[p[[U[R}hSɎg߂̃R}h̃O[v
  B悢OCA[U[x[X̐AX̃pX[h̎g\
  ɂ܂BƂ悭gĂ̂sudołB

       $ sudo env

  ̓X[p[[U[ƂăR}henvs܂(g悤ɐݒ肳
  鎞)B

  sudoR}h̓pẌقȂAv[`Ă܂Bsudo͌pX
  CăJgfBNg͍ŌɂȂ܂BPATHϐ͕
  X܂Bsudo envenvPATHϐƓlԂ܂B
  sudoSUDO_USERƂQ̊ϐǉ܂B

  8.  lbg[NT[o

  قƂǂ̃lbg[NT[o͂̃TuvZXs܂BZ
  LeBIȗR炻̃pX͍ŏɉĂ܂B

  dvȗO̓lbg[NVXeɃOCł悤ɂT[rX
  ɂĂłB̏͂ł́ÃP[XɂƂ͉ɂĉ
  Ă܂Brshgă[g}VŃR}hs sshŎ
  ŝƂ͈ႤpXɂȂĂ邱ƂȂǂĂ܂傤Bl
  rloginAtelnetAsshł̃OC̈ႢȂǂĂ܂B

  8.1.  inetd

  قƂǂ̃lbg[NT[o["펞NGXg҂ĂvZX
  "Ă܂B̓inetdƌĂ΂Internet super serverɈ
  ĈϔC(delegated)Ă܂Binetd͒`ꂽlbg[N|[g
  SĊĎANGXgƂɓKȃT[o[Jn܂B
  U镑/etc/inetd.confŒ`Ă܂B

  inetd̓VXeJñXNvgNĂāAinitvZX̃p
  XpĂ܂B̃pXCKv͂܂B܂inetd
  JnSẴT[oinitpXg܂B̂悤ȃT[o̗imapd
  IMAP post office protocol̃T[oƂ̂łB

  inetdvZX̗̂̑telnetd, rlogind, talkd, ftp, popd 
  httpT[oȂǂłB

  ۂ̃T[o[Jn邽߂ɕʁXtcpdvOgꍇAinetd
  g͕GłBtcpd͎ۂ̃AvP[VJnOɂ̃ZL
  eB`FbNƂvOŁApXɉe͗^܂(mF
  Ă܂)B

  8.2.  rsh

  rshf[_PATH_DEFPATH(/usr/include/paths.h)̃pXZbg
  B͒ʏ탆[U[ƂloginvOĝƓpXłB
  root͒ʏ탆[U[ƓpX𓾂܂B

  ۂɂrshd̓R}hC

       shell -c command-line

  Ƃ܂B܂VF̓OCVFł͂܂B/etc/passwdɏ
  ĂSẴVF̓R}hCŗ^-cIvVT|[g
  Ăق]܂łB

  8.3.  rlogin

  rlogin͎ۂ̃OCs߂logins܂Brloging
  ăOCloginƓpX𓾂܂BLinuxRs[^ɃOC
  邽߂̂̑̕@łloging܂BrshƂ̈Ⴂɒӂĉ
  B

  ۂɎgloginR}h

       login -p -h host-name user-name

  łB-pIvVHOME, PATH, SHELL, TERM, MAIL, LOGNAME Ƃ
  ϐȊO̊ۑIvVłB -h̓OC郊[gz
  Xg̖Ow肷IvVłB

  8.4.  telnet

  telnetrloginɎĂ܂BtelnetloginvOgĂăR}
  hC悤ȕ@Ŏs܂B

  8.5.  ssh

  ssh͂ꎩg̃pXݒĂ܂BsshfBNgǉ
  fBNgłB/usr/binpX2xoĂƂƂӖ
  Ă܂F

       /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:.:/usr/bin

  pXɂ/usr/X11/binfBNg͂܂B܂sshR}hɂ
  sVFloginVFł͂܂B

       ssh remotehost xterm

  ł͑S삵܂B/etc/profile邢/etc/csh.cshrc ɏĂ
  邱Ƃ͂ύXłĂ܂܂BŐ΃pX
  /usr/bin/X11/xtermƓ͂Ȃ΂Ȃ܂B

  ssh/etc/environmentt@CVAR=VALUEtH[̊ϐ
  BcOȂƂɂXFree86Ŗ𐶂܂B

  9.  XFree86

  9.1.  XDM

  XDM̓OtBJ^[~iɃOĈɂ悭g@łB
  login̂悤Ɋ܂Iɂ͑SقȂ̂łB

  /etc/X11/xdmfBNgɂ́AOCꂼŎsݒt@C
  ܂BXstartup("Xstartup_0" ̓XN[0p)̓[U[OC
  ŎsR}hĂ܂(R}hrootƂĎs
  ܂)B

  [U[pɃZbgꂽpX/etc/X11/xdm/xdm-configɂ܂B
  ɂ

       DisplayManager*userPath: /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/games
       DisplayManager*systemPath: /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11

  Ƃs܂B͂ꂼʏ탆[U[root̃ftHgp
  XłBX[U[Ȃ /usr/bin/X11ɃpXʂĂ邱Ƃ͂ƂĂdv
  BX[U[̃}VɃOCXNCAgAvP[V
  NꍇA /usr/bin/X11X^[~i璼ڎQƂȂpX
  ̂ /usr/bin/X11͂ȂĂ͂܂B

  Xstartup𑖂点āAXDM͍ŏIIȃ[U[(final user)Ƃ
  /etc/X11/Xsession𑖂点܂B[Jݒ /etc/environmentɂA
  ꂪXsessionŎg܂B (Xsession/bin/shs
  ܂B܂/etc/environment sht@CłKv܂)B
  sshƃNbV܂B ssh́A/etc/environmentVAR=VALUEtH[
  s܂łt@CƂ邩łB

  9.2.  xterm -ls

  ftHgłX window}l[W[̃j[NSẴR}
  h̃pXXDMpĂ܂BႤ̂gȂ琳Zbg
  Kv܂B"ʏ"pXgă^[~iG~[^N
  ́AIvVg܂Bxtermł́AVFOCt@C
  Ŏw肳ꂽpXŃOCVFĝɁA-lsIvV(loginVF
  )gȂ΂܂B

  󒍁Fxterm many[W-lsIvV̉ӏQƂĉB

  9.3.  EBhE}l[Wj[ƃ{^

  EBhE}l[WXDM̊pĂ܂BEBhE}l[W
  ɂċNvO͑SăEBhE}l[W̊p
  B

  [U[VF̓EBhE}l[W̃{^⃁j[N
  vOɉe܂BႦxterm -lssvO̓O
  CVF̊gAj[NvO̓EBhE}l
  [W̊g܂B

  10.  cronAatR}hɂ

  10.1.  cron

  cron/etc/crontab⃆[U[`crontabŎw肳ꂽR}h
  IɎs邽߂̃R}hłBDebian 1.3ł /etc/cron.daily,
  /etc/cron.weekly, /etc/cron.monthlyg܂B

  cron̓u[gXNvgJn܂AcroñpX悤łF

       /usr/bin:/binn:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

  croñoOłBterminating 0Ȃ(without terminating 0)
  ł͂߂ɏ㏑ꂽ/usr/bin:/bininitpXłĨoO͑S
  ̃VXeɂ킯ł͂܂B

  crontabPATH`邱Ƃł܂BDebian 1.3gĂȂ
  /etc/crontab̂͂߂Ɉȉ̍s܂F

       PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

  ̂߁AcrondvÕpX̓[U[vOŎg邱Ƃ͌
  Ă܂B/etc/cron.*fBNg̑SXNvg̓ftHgł
  ̃pXQƂ܂BvOrootȊOŎsꂽł̃pXg
  p܂B

  10.2.  at

  at͓̎ԂɈxvOŝɎg܂B

  atdinitpXg܂B[U[vO͏shR}h
  g[U[Ŏs܂BŒʏ̃VF㏑(usual shell
  overwrites) s܂B``bash''̏͂QƂĉB

  11.  ̗

  11.1.  magicfilter

  magicfiltert@C𑀍삷邽߂̃c[łB邽߂̃t@
  C^Cv͂āAKȂƂ悢 (pretty-printing)s
  ߂̃tB^XNvgs܂B̃XNvg
  lpd(/etc/init.d/lpd)s܂B lpdinitJn܂B
  magicfilter̃pXinit̂̂ŁA /usr/bin/X11ɂ̓pX͒ʂĂ܂
  I

  magicfilterPDFt@C̈ꂽƂꍇ́A
  /usr/bin/X11/xpdfgĂsƂł܂Bmagicfilter
  initpꂽpXȊÕvO͌Ȃ̂ŁAt@C
  tpXŏKv܂BmagicfilterŎgقƂǂ̃vO
  ́A /binA/usr/binɂ̂ŁAtpXKvƂ܂B

  󒍁FuThe Linux Printing HOWTOv
  (GFG02131@niftyserve.or.jp) "6.  K؂ȃ}WbNtB^[
  @"QƂĉB JFTCg
  <http://jf.gee.kyoto-u.ac.jp/JF/JF.html>ł܂B

  11.2.  XAvP[V̈

  PRINTERϐ͂ǂ̃v^gĂ邩̂Ɏg܂B
  XAvP[Vł͂ꂪgȂƂ邱Ƃɒӂĉ
  B

  XZbVXDMn܂ꍇ́AEBhE}l[W̓VFlogin
  XNvgS]܂BxtermX^[gXAvP[V
  PRINTERϐpł܂BAj[EBhE}l
  [W̃{^瓯AvP[VNĂPRINTERϐ͈p
  ܂B

  ꍇA͉ʂ̃C(lower layer)Ɍp邱Ƃł܂B
  Netscape⏕AvP[VPRINTER`pƂp
  ȂƂł܂B

  12.  ZLeB̍l@

  pXɂ͏dvȃZLeB肪܂BpXݒ̊ԈႢpāA
  VXeɃNbN(Fhack)̂ɂ悭g@łBNb
  J[ (Fhacker)rootAʃ[U[ŃNbJ[̃R}hs
  ƁAȒPɁugC̖ؔn(Trojan horse)vUȂĂ܂܂B

  (?)̂悭~Xroot̃pX.(JgpX)Ƃ
  łBӂ̂nbJ[(NbJ[)͔ނ̃z[fBNgŃvO
  lsAroot

       # cd ~hacker
       # ls

  ƎsƃNbJ[lsR}hsĂ܂܂B

  ԐړIɂrootƂĎsvOSĂɓKp܂Bdv
  f[vZXł͑̃[U[߂Ȃ悤ɂׂłB
  VXeł/usr/local/binɃZLeBIɕs\ȃvOłu
  Ƃł܂ - ̂root[U[̃pX /usr/local/binO
  ĂׂłBf[pX/usr/local/bin/:...g
  foosĂƁA /bin/fooł͂Ȃ/usr/local/bin/foos邱
  Ƃ\łB/usr/local/binɏ߂郆[U[͂łVXe
  󂷂ƂłĂ܂܂B

  pX̃fBNg̏Ԃɒӂ𕥂̂ϏdvłBႦ΁A
  /usr/local/bin/bin̑OɂƃZLeBXN܂ - 
  /biň/usr/local/bin΁A /bin/fooR}h
  /usr/local/bin/fooƃ[JɏĈŏ㏑邱Ƃ͂ł܂
  (܂肱̕ZLeBIɈSł)B

  Linuxł́ApX̕]Iy[eBOVXeR[x(operating
  system call level)ōsĂ邱ƂvoĉBst@C
  pX^ĂƂȂǂłA(ȂƂ) /binA/usr/bin
  猟ZO(short name)^܂ - ̏ꏊłl
  B

  13.  ̃fobO̎d́H

  \(read)邽߂̊{IȃR}h/usr/bin/envłB

  vÕpX̂/procfBNggƂ\
  B͂߂ɃvÕvZXԍ𒲂ׂĉ - psR}hg
  ܂BႦxterm̃vZXԍ1088ȂA

       # more /proc/1088/environ

  Ƃxterm̊\邱Ƃł܂BxdmƂf[v
  ZXł͓삵܂BVXevZXÃ[U[vZX̊
  ANZXɂrootANZXKvłB

  NetscapefobO邽߂ɁA/tmp/testXNvg邱Ƃł
  F

  $ cat > /tmp/test
  #!/bin/sh
  /usr/bin/env > /tmp/env
  ^d
  $ chmod +x /tmp/test

  ēKȕ⏕AvP[VZbg܂(Ⴆaudio/x-pn-
  realaudio
  RealAudio)B(http://www.realaudio.com/showcase)RealAudioN{
  Ă݂ĉBNetscape/tmp/envɃXgAĂ̃_~[vO
  Ăяo܂B

  14.  S[U[pX𓾂邽߂̕@

  ƂdvȐݒ́AloginVFp̃O[oVFt@C
  Zbg邱Ƃ\łF/etc/csh.login(tcsh)A /etc/profile(bash)B

  ̃t@C琳mȃpX𓾂ȂƂOƂāF rshR}
  hAsshR}hA(loginVF͂ƊJnȂ)X window manager
  ̃j[ACeAinittabsR}hAcronWuAlprd
  NmagictB^̂悤ȃf[Wu(daemons jobs)AWWW
  CGIXNvgȂǂ܂B

  /etc/csh.cshrcɃpXZbgĂƁA tcsh/cshgAJE
  g̃[g}VrshAsshR}hsłApX
  ʂĂ܂B

  1̃t@C(Ⴆ/etc/environment-common)ɃpXݒ܂Ƃ߂邱Ƃ
  \łBႦ΁A

       ${EXPORT}PATH${EQ}/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin:/usr/games:.

  Ƃ܂B/etc/csh.login(tcshAcsh)g܂F

       set EQ=" " set EXPORT="setenv " source /etc/environment-common

  ܂/etc/profile(bashAIWishƂē삵Ȃ)F

       EQ='=' EXPORT="export " . /etc/environment-common

  /etc/environment(XDMp)F

       EQ="=" EXPORT="export " . /etc/environment-common

  ̕@͂삵܂Assh/etc/environment(ϐEQA
  EXPORT`)̍sŕs܂B܂bashŎsrshR}
  h͂̃pXpȂ܂B

  15.  ӎ

  ̃hLgn߂R̂ЂƂAri
  Mujunen(amn@bigbang.nfra.nl) ̑傫ȕsƂƂłB
  Juha Takalaɂ͉lRg܂B

